The Real Wage Index covers supervisory and technical workers, clerical and secretarial workers, service workers, miscellaneous non-production workers, craftsmen and operatives. It is based on the Wage Enquiry of the Labour Earning Survey (LES) which covers time-rated and piece-rated workers of selected occupations under the coverage of the survey. Proprietors, family workers and out-workers are excluded. Part-time workers, apprentices, learners, trainees and workers on probation are also excluded because their job duties may be different from the job descriptions pre-defined in the survey. The Real Wage Index measures changes in wage rates after discounting the changes in consumer prices. Wage rate includes basic wages and other regular and guaranteed allowances and bonuses and relate to the amount of money paid for normal working hours.